Active Transport

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Active Transport

Since the cell membrane is somewhat permeable to sodium ions, simple diffusion would result in a net movement of
sodium ions into the cell, until the concentrations on the two sides of the membrane became equal. Sodium actually
does diffuse into the cell rather freely, but as fast as it does so, the cell actively pumps it out again, against the
concentration difference.
The mechanism by which the cell pumps the sodium ions out is called active transport. Active transport requires the
expenditure of energy for the work done by the cell in moving molecules against a concentration gradient. Active
transport enables a cell to maintain a lower concentration of sodium inside the cell, and also enables a cell to
accumulate certain nutrient inside the cell at concentrations much higher than the extracellular concentrations.
The exact mechanism of active transport is not known. It has been proposed that a carrier molecule is involved,
which reacts chemically with the molecule that is to be actively transported. This forms a compound which is
soluble in the lipid portion of the membrane and the carrier compound then moves through the membrane against
the concentration gradient to the other side. The transported molecule is then released, and the carrier molecule
diffuses back to the other side of the membrane where it picks up another molecule. This process requires energy,
since work must done in transporting the molecule against a diffusion gradient. T...

Submitted by: digitalessays
Date Submitted: 05-10-2001
Category: Social Issues
Words: 1304
Pages: 5.22